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| Metadata-Version: 2.1 | ||||
| Name: idna | ||||
| Version: 3.10 | ||||
| Summary: Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) | ||||
| Author-email: Kim Davies <kim+pypi@gumleaf.org> | ||||
| Requires-Python: >=3.6 | ||||
| Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst | ||||
| Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable | ||||
| Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers | ||||
| Classifier: Intended Audience :: System Administrators | ||||
| Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License | ||||
| Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6 | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7 | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8 | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9 | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10 | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11 | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12 | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13 | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython | ||||
| Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy | ||||
| Classifier: Topic :: Internet :: Name Service (DNS) | ||||
| Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules | ||||
| Classifier: Topic :: Utilities | ||||
| Requires-Dist: ruff >= 0.6.2 ; extra == "all" | ||||
| Requires-Dist: mypy >= 1.11.2 ; extra == "all" | ||||
| Requires-Dist: pytest >= 8.3.2 ; extra == "all" | ||||
| Requires-Dist: flake8 >= 7.1.1 ; extra == "all" | ||||
| Project-URL: Changelog, https://github.com/kjd/idna/blob/master/HISTORY.rst | ||||
| Project-URL: Issue tracker, https://github.com/kjd/idna/issues | ||||
| Project-URL: Source, https://github.com/kjd/idna | ||||
| Provides-Extra: all | ||||
|  | ||||
| Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) | ||||
| ===================================================== | ||||
|  | ||||
| Support for the Internationalized Domain Names in | ||||
| Applications (IDNA) protocol as specified in `RFC 5891 | ||||
| <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891>`_. This is the latest version of | ||||
| the protocol and is sometimes referred to as “IDNA 2008”. | ||||
|  | ||||
| This library also provides support for Unicode Technical | ||||
| Standard 46, `Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing | ||||
| <https://unicode.org/reports/tr46/>`_. | ||||
|  | ||||
| This acts as a suitable replacement for the “encodings.idna” | ||||
| module that comes with the Python standard library, but which | ||||
| only supports the older superseded IDNA specification (`RFC 3490 | ||||
| <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490>`_). | ||||
|  | ||||
| Basic functions are simply executed: | ||||
|  | ||||
| .. code-block:: pycon | ||||
|  | ||||
|     >>> import idna | ||||
|     >>> idna.encode('ドメイン.テスト') | ||||
|     b'xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah' | ||||
|     >>> print(idna.decode('xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah')) | ||||
|     ドメイン.テスト | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
| Installation | ||||
| ------------ | ||||
|  | ||||
| This package is available for installation from PyPI: | ||||
|  | ||||
| .. code-block:: bash | ||||
|  | ||||
|     $ python3 -m pip install idna | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
| Usage | ||||
| ----- | ||||
|  | ||||
| For typical usage, the ``encode`` and ``decode`` functions will take a | ||||
| domain name argument and perform a conversion to A-labels or U-labels | ||||
| respectively. | ||||
|  | ||||
| .. code-block:: pycon | ||||
|  | ||||
|     >>> import idna | ||||
|     >>> idna.encode('ドメイン.テスト') | ||||
|     b'xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah' | ||||
|     >>> print(idna.decode('xn--eckwd4c7c.xn--zckzah')) | ||||
|     ドメイン.テスト | ||||
|  | ||||
| You may use the codec encoding and decoding methods using the | ||||
| ``idna.codec`` module: | ||||
|  | ||||
| .. code-block:: pycon | ||||
|  | ||||
|     >>> import idna.codec | ||||
|     >>> print('домен.испытание'.encode('idna2008')) | ||||
|     b'xn--d1acufc.xn--80akhbyknj4f' | ||||
|     >>> print(b'xn--d1acufc.xn--80akhbyknj4f'.decode('idna2008')) | ||||
|     домен.испытание | ||||
|  | ||||
| Conversions can be applied at a per-label basis using the ``ulabel`` or | ||||
| ``alabel`` functions if necessary: | ||||
|  | ||||
| .. code-block:: pycon | ||||
|  | ||||
|     >>> idna.alabel('测试') | ||||
|     b'xn--0zwm56d' | ||||
|  | ||||
| Compatibility Mapping (UTS #46) | ||||
| +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | ||||
|  | ||||
| As described in `RFC 5895 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5895>`_, the | ||||
| IDNA specification does not normalize input from different potential | ||||
| ways a user may input a domain name. This functionality, known as | ||||
| a “mapping”, is considered by the specification to be a local | ||||
| user-interface issue distinct from IDNA conversion functionality. | ||||
|  | ||||
| This library provides one such mapping that was developed by the | ||||
| Unicode Consortium. Known as `Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing | ||||
| <https://unicode.org/reports/tr46/>`_, it provides for both a regular | ||||
| mapping for typical applications, as well as a transitional mapping to | ||||
| help migrate from older IDNA 2003 applications. Strings are | ||||
| preprocessed according to Section 4.4 “Preprocessing for IDNA2008” | ||||
| prior to the IDNA operations. | ||||
|  | ||||
| For example, “Königsgäßchen” is not a permissible label as *LATIN | ||||
| CAPITAL LETTER K* is not allowed (nor are capital letters in general). | ||||
| UTS 46 will convert this into lower case prior to applying the IDNA | ||||
| conversion. | ||||
|  | ||||
| .. code-block:: pycon | ||||
|  | ||||
|     >>> import idna | ||||
|     >>> idna.encode('Königsgäßchen') | ||||
|     ... | ||||
|     idna.core.InvalidCodepoint: Codepoint U+004B at position 1 of 'Königsgäßchen' not allowed | ||||
|     >>> idna.encode('Königsgäßchen', uts46=True) | ||||
|     b'xn--knigsgchen-b4a3dun' | ||||
|     >>> print(idna.decode('xn--knigsgchen-b4a3dun')) | ||||
|     königsgäßchen | ||||
|  | ||||
| Transitional processing provides conversions to help transition from | ||||
| the older 2003 standard to the current standard. For example, in the | ||||
| original IDNA specification, the *LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S* (ß) was | ||||
| converted into two *LATIN SMALL LETTER S* (ss), whereas in the current | ||||
| IDNA specification this conversion is not performed. | ||||
|  | ||||
| .. code-block:: pycon | ||||
|  | ||||
|     >>> idna.encode('Königsgäßchen', uts46=True, transitional=True) | ||||
|     'xn--knigsgsschen-lcb0w' | ||||
|  | ||||
| Implementers should use transitional processing with caution, only in | ||||
| rare cases where conversion from legacy labels to current labels must be | ||||
| performed (i.e. IDNA implementations that pre-date 2008). For typical | ||||
| applications that just need to convert labels, transitional processing | ||||
| is unlikely to be beneficial and could produce unexpected incompatible | ||||
| results. | ||||
|  | ||||
| ``encodings.idna`` Compatibility | ||||
| ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | ||||
|  | ||||
| Function calls from the Python built-in ``encodings.idna`` module are | ||||
| mapped to their IDNA 2008 equivalents using the ``idna.compat`` module. | ||||
| Simply substitute the ``import`` clause in your code to refer to the new | ||||
| module name. | ||||
|  | ||||
| Exceptions | ||||
| ---------- | ||||
|  | ||||
| All errors raised during the conversion following the specification | ||||
| should raise an exception derived from the ``idna.IDNAError`` base | ||||
| class. | ||||
|  | ||||
| More specific exceptions that may be generated as ``idna.IDNABidiError`` | ||||
| when the error reflects an illegal combination of left-to-right and | ||||
| right-to-left characters in a label; ``idna.InvalidCodepoint`` when | ||||
| a specific codepoint is an illegal character in an IDN label (i.e. | ||||
| INVALID); and ``idna.InvalidCodepointContext`` when the codepoint is | ||||
| illegal based on its positional context (i.e. it is CONTEXTO or CONTEXTJ | ||||
| but the contextual requirements are not satisfied.) | ||||
|  | ||||
| Building and Diagnostics | ||||
| ------------------------ | ||||
|  | ||||
| The IDNA and UTS 46 functionality relies upon pre-calculated lookup | ||||
| tables for performance. These tables are derived from computing against | ||||
| eligibility criteria in the respective standards. These tables are | ||||
| computed using the command-line script ``tools/idna-data``. | ||||
|  | ||||
| This tool will fetch relevant codepoint data from the Unicode repository | ||||
| and perform the required calculations to identify eligibility. There are | ||||
| three main modes: | ||||
|  | ||||
| * ``idna-data make-libdata``. Generates ``idnadata.py`` and | ||||
|   ``uts46data.py``, the pre-calculated lookup tables used for IDNA and | ||||
|   UTS 46 conversions. Implementers who wish to track this library against | ||||
|   a different Unicode version may use this tool to manually generate a | ||||
|   different version of the ``idnadata.py`` and ``uts46data.py`` files. | ||||
|  | ||||
| * ``idna-data make-table``. Generate a table of the IDNA disposition | ||||
|   (e.g. PVALID, CONTEXTJ, CONTEXTO) in the format found in Appendix | ||||
|   B.1 of RFC 5892 and the pre-computed tables published by `IANA | ||||
|   <https://www.iana.org/>`_. | ||||
|  | ||||
| * ``idna-data U+0061``. Prints debugging output on the various | ||||
|   properties associated with an individual Unicode codepoint (in this | ||||
|   case, U+0061), that are used to assess the IDNA and UTS 46 status of a | ||||
|   codepoint. This is helpful in debugging or analysis. | ||||
|  | ||||
| The tool accepts a number of arguments, described using ``idna-data | ||||
| -h``. Most notably, the ``--version`` argument allows the specification | ||||
| of the version of Unicode to be used in computing the table data. For | ||||
| example, ``idna-data --version 9.0.0 make-libdata`` will generate | ||||
| library data against Unicode 9.0.0. | ||||
|  | ||||
|  | ||||
| Additional Notes | ||||
| ---------------- | ||||
|  | ||||
| * **Packages**. The latest tagged release version is published in the | ||||
|   `Python Package Index <https://pypi.org/project/idna/>`_. | ||||
|  | ||||
| * **Version support**. This library supports Python 3.6 and higher. | ||||
|   As this library serves as a low-level toolkit for a variety of | ||||
|   applications, many of which strive for broad compatibility with older | ||||
|   Python versions, there is no rush to remove older interpreter support. | ||||
|   Removing support for older versions should be well justified in that the | ||||
|   maintenance burden has become too high. | ||||
|  | ||||
| * **Python 2**. Python 2 is supported by version 2.x of this library. | ||||
|   Use "idna<3" in your requirements file if you need this library for | ||||
|   a Python 2 application. Be advised that these versions are no longer | ||||
|   actively developed. | ||||
|  | ||||
| * **Testing**. The library has a test suite based on each rule of the | ||||
|   IDNA specification, as well as tests that are provided as part of the | ||||
|   Unicode Technical Standard 46, `Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing | ||||
|   <https://unicode.org/reports/tr46/>`_. | ||||
|  | ||||
| * **Emoji**. It is an occasional request to support emoji domains in | ||||
|   this library. Encoding of symbols like emoji is expressly prohibited by | ||||
|   the technical standard IDNA 2008 and emoji domains are broadly phased | ||||
|   out across the domain industry due to associated security risks. For | ||||
|   now, applications that need to support these non-compliant labels | ||||
|   may wish to consider trying the encode/decode operation in this library | ||||
|   first, and then falling back to using `encodings.idna`. See `the Github | ||||
|   project <https://github.com/kjd/idna/issues/18>`_ for more discussion. | ||||
|  | ||||
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